{"id":"W4319733393","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04059-9","title":"Framed and framing inquiry: a pragmatist proposal","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Synthese","topic":"Pragmatism in Philosophy and Education","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Arts and Humanities Research Council; Cambridge Trust","keywords":"Pragmatism; Epistemology; Framing (construction); Metaphysics; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of language; Direct and indirect realism; Sociology; Philosophy; Realism","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02976097,0.001204223,0.001310867,0.005151352,0.01035625,0.01685757,0.006218336,0.01468236,0.01352468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0498779,0.001039015,0.00125984,0.003454382,0.07078119,0.02990946,0.009190185,0.01087204,0.001821508],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01035429,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01210987,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004314057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004641643,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9783189,0.01569065,0.0006468059,0.002311692,0.001837519,0.001194456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9631826,0.02725421,0.001344972,0.004266021,0.002925359,0.001026696],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000768638,0.000009328403,0.00002642434,0.00002341609,0.000002836925,0.00002922981,0.006777199,0.0000407084,0.00003091272,0.9902058,0.001156792,0.001689602],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002987868,0.000008418061,0.00005938368,0.0001968323,0.000011059,0.00005369568,0.006592923,0.000487016,0.0001512775,0.9701803,0.02221837,0.00001074926],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02967689,0.004273216,0.2336037,0.3511083,0.003591576,0.0006764812,0.0003309485,0.0003023803,0.3764365],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8502625,0.001340152,0.09757935,0.01985989,0.001905249,0.002248894,0.0001969956,0.0002772709,0.02632974],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02976097,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1573929,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04661562904524135,"score_gpt":0.2747891601731441,"score_spread":0.2281735311279027,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}