{"id":"W4319787811","doi":"10.1111/imig.13098","title":"Does speaking or writing Italian make differences?","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Migration","topic":"Italy: Economic History and Contemporary Issues","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Endogeneity; Affect (linguistics); Leverage (statistics); First language; Acculturation; Psychology; Empirical evidence; Demographic economics; Language proficiency; Social integration; Reading (process); Linguistics; Sociology; Political science; Economics; Pedagogy; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002741287,0.0001015656,0.0001609285,0.0002647293,0.0001021999,0.0001288543,0.0002150502,0.00005432843,0.001220391],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009936838,0.00008352067,0.00007249416,0.000134659,0.00002659511,0.0004157943,0.00003231187,0.00006950926,0.002224757],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001032212,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001217631,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002821438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000964721,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990354,0.000009100095,0.0004739351,0.0002989474,0.0000398264,0.0001428621],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995124,0.00004888434,0.0002395281,0.0001363015,0.00002920058,0.00003366841],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008957845,0.00009153886,0.6260927,0.00003621863,0.0001776,0.00005505834,0.006640672,0.00009776284,0.0002582514,0.3472682,0.008912026,0.01028038],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005967897,0.00006783311,0.1772311,0.00007791034,0.000004908251,0.000006551861,0.001888024,0.01982816,0.0002550772,0.03674278,0.7627857,0.0005151522],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.940239,0.00008162024,0.0006026918,0.004240289,0.002180348,0.0001090202,0.0001113682,0.0001481332,0.05228755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9682829,0.00004917587,0.0001173159,0.0002493471,0.0004514179,0.00002743673,0.0001336464,0.00001382677,0.0306749],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7538737,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996926,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05662108816251891,"score_gpt":0.2497560000459887,"score_spread":0.1931349118834698,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}