{"id":"W4319791583","doi":"10.1002/aic.18048","title":"Advanced <scp>3D</scp> and <scp>4D</scp> microstructure study of single granule formation for pharmaceutical powders using synchrotron x‐ray imaging","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIChE Journal","topic":"Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems","field":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Light Source (Canada); University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; University of Saskatchewan","keywords":"Granule (geology); Granulation; Dissolution; Porosity; Microstructure; Synchrotron; Nucleation; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Wetting; Chemistry; Crystallography; Mineralogy; Composite material; Optics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003210902,0.0002627749,0.0002619749,0.0003861919,0.0001798679,0.0005070241,0.0002503808,0.0003626208,0.001868061],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002509369,0.0002719041,0.0002543768,0.0003314846,0.0003640807,0.0003584373,0.0002390057,0.0005012657,0.0002225753],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003389714,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001947949,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001429249,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001230095,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999853,0.000007880255,0.00001069975,0.00002921867,0.00007839796,0.0000207158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997845,0.00004953739,0.00005779954,0.00004343161,0.00004822176,0.00001642985],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003978052,0.00001714133,0.0004199455,0.00005442712,0.00000558746,0.0001161874,0.00003787855,0.0007391545,0.9948428,0.0002386952,0.0001642331,0.003324215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002644136,0.0001122533,0.0158224,0.000008548504,0.00001332942,0.0003376876,0.0000477687,0.02293023,0.9577877,0.0001128993,0.002781499,0.0000191756],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9700069,0.0007055667,0.02431905,0.0001119806,0.0000339897,0.00008849565,0.0007733026,0.0005482156,0.003412561],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9727045,0.000384975,0.02529084,0.00002292265,0.00001021402,0.00006669054,0.0004348202,0.00007778118,0.001007161],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001868061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006249309,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09908051079060093,"score_gpt":0.40995818169179,"score_spread":0.3108776709011891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}