{"id":"W4319870701","doi":"10.1007/s11245-023-09895-5","title":"What is Extremism? Advancing Definition in Political Argumentation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Topoi","topic":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Argumentation theory; Epistemology; Politics; Terrorism; Fundamentalism; Sociology; Political radicalism; Political science; Law; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002282669,0.00005821776,0.00007011933,0.0001263717,0.00004329605,0.0001189262,0.0001211519,0.00003585664,0.00004184973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001808178,0.00005945673,0.00002446048,0.0003181981,0.000006085702,0.0009869904,0.00004500372,0.00004650704,0.0004110774],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008154139,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001737921,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008357423,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002701161,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991804,0.00004181673,0.0001697759,0.0001956851,0.0001717348,0.0002406398],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996651,0.00005867498,0.00003678743,0.0001679326,0.00001900251,0.00005246017],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000115037,0.0001621755,0.02054156,0.0001608324,0.00001537876,0.00009330897,0.01598322,0.0002764829,0.0221839,0.8356555,0.006604718,0.09831139],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002980016,0.0001505395,0.2807107,0.0006993041,0.00001294739,0.00003938255,0.005366567,0.495186,0.04646676,0.1598293,0.007594369,0.0009641286],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.852078,0.0001427948,0.1303678,0.009731839,0.002296284,0.0003884881,0.000002858473,0.0004650203,0.004526967],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996609,0.00004194048,0.00226277,0.0006519536,0.00006763824,0.00001828847,0.0000121292,0.00000478895,0.0003315469],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6758263,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5283705,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04366047781903578,"score_gpt":0.3020343820038797,"score_spread":0.258373904184844,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}