{"id":"W4319922768","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0080","title":"Cigarette butts in the environment: a growing global threat?","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Reviews","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Scopus; Systematic review; Contamination; Variety (cybernetics); Environmental science; Environmental health; Environmental planning; Geography; Ecology; Biology; MEDLINE; Computer science; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008873745,0.0002357491,0.0002260633,0.00002541818,0.0001660445,0.00003022178,0.0004025869,0.00007308104,0.00182046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003827364,0.0001661045,0.0001200349,0.0003209964,0.0001808268,0.0001960726,0.0002444329,0.0001846013,0.01654575],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003621965,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002733936,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005627271,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002536397,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980834,0.0001997133,0.0003873914,0.0004222317,0.0004351045,0.0004721787],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993343,0.0000813906,0.00009821343,0.0003993021,5.120182e-8,0.00008668719],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004339332,0.000628122,0.4701942,0.00003911712,0.00004421819,0.0003818881,0.002118786,0.002429553,0.0333722,0.0006235752,0.06716093,0.422964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002932466,0.00004943676,0.44176,0.00003423935,0.00002826037,0.00002602693,0.0001127226,0.0007309393,0.0001068714,0.0007419873,0.5558543,0.0002619346],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9852085,0.002383149,0.0005800354,0.0008161767,0.0002491499,0.0009617123,0.0000659226,0.00004968985,0.00968564],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928703,0.005295726,0.0001726905,0.0009878328,0.0000515263,0.0000983366,0.00006791901,0.0000158431,0.0004398403],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4886934,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999092,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01760614983012946,"score_gpt":0.2312564274634744,"score_spread":0.213650277633345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}