{"id":"W4319944208","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-22761-5_1","title":"Rare Earth Elements Extraction from an Ionic Clay from South America","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"The minerals, metals & materials series","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Lixiviant; Chemistry; Adsorption; Desorption; Ionic bonding; Sulfate; Inorganic chemistry; Weathering; Clay minerals; Leaching (pedology); Lanthanide; Mineralogy; Ion; Geology; Geochemistry; Soil water; Organic chemistry; Sulfuric acid","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006648141,0.0001980033,0.0001563907,0.0006048472,0.0006366473,0.000441202,0.0001598962,0.0002597096,0.001094207],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008085592,0.0001189794,0.0001538165,0.0004682165,0.0002108871,0.0003629923,0.000283368,0.0003091696,0.0002756013],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000301297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004819397,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02757116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09546126,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999675,0.000001356443,0.00000246227,0.00001196423,0.00001056357,0.000006163455],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999661,0.000009611494,0.000003766752,0.000002365406,0.00001274129,0.000005320819],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001512069,0.00002231529,0.008471272,0.0001984643,0.00001920908,0.0006523789,0.0006264722,0.0002332063,0.9645869,0.0001901077,0.0004592645,0.02438924],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002130967,0.0002066763,0.1474879,0.0001260709,0.0001135115,0.00246762,0.003290299,0.001494405,0.7765101,0.0005446011,0.06770091,0.00003668333],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.984074,0.001573192,0.002401446,0.0002158367,0.00001859485,0.00002995402,0.0006990894,0.00004660531,0.01094123],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95976,0.002660071,0.007267531,0.0002083185,0.00001027866,0.00001683123,0.001265327,0.00006440782,0.02874728],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02757116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05482137,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02141418729913087,"score_gpt":0.224376396166318,"score_spread":0.2029622088671871,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}