{"id":"W4320017670","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4353433","title":"Carbon Emissions and Firm Profitability","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Profitability index; Greenhouse gas; Business; Carbon fibers; Natural resource economics; Economics; Monetary economics; Finance; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003913848,0.0001305701,0.0001476131,0.000760313,0.0002892554,0.001852445,0.0001694486,0.0009590965,0.00842425],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003405241,0.0001107065,0.0002335118,0.0009993074,0.00044267,0.00100129,0.0004902824,0.001148609,0.0008957559],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009461949,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005496586,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009315723,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01692696,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997707,0.00005934934,0.00001285099,0.00003222094,0.00004579309,0.00007908934],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9939777,0.00320347,0.001585336,0.0001106152,0.0003637609,0.0007591939],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005739454,0.0004257395,0.954601,0.00004712098,0.0002290069,0.0007319716,0.0003155822,0.00743385,0.0006357451,0.01635169,0.004159398,0.01449492],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002892019,0.0001870359,0.9585219,0.00005961276,0.0001297679,0.0003279906,0.002037979,0.008156621,0.0007569544,0.02114425,0.008608674,0.00004028035],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9793671,0.001095847,0.0001742133,0.002058506,0.00003388128,0.000003610544,0.0005054792,0.00001225003,0.01674914],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963114,0.0002752646,0.00001869105,0.00004832719,0.00003075903,0.000001098316,0.0002052146,0.000002399593,0.003106835],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009315723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02818191,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01192915282776198,"score_gpt":0.217509436528868,"score_spread":0.2055802837011061,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}