{"id":"W4320502556","doi":"10.1287/mnsc.2023.02575","title":"Estimating Effects of Long-Term Treatments","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Management Science","topic":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Quest University Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Term (time); Computer science; Scale (ratio); Identification (biology); Sequence (biology); Randomized experiment; Estimation; Data mining; Machine learning; Statistics; Mathematics; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004294895,0.00009527242,0.0001310635,0.0002578308,0.0001044895,0.00002551407,0.0004028881,0.00001459827,0.00001156881],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002401876,0.0000839219,0.00002712372,0.001072446,0.0002152774,0.0002418524,0.0003225004,0.00003448488,0.00005439564],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006283775,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006746078,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001948552,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.892239e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989281,0.00001158572,0.000177221,0.0002519708,0.000358307,0.0002728392],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992962,0.0001427231,0.0001102361,0.000381617,0.00002707963,0.00004213195],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008307248,0.0003940631,0.03399353,0.003251444,0.00009876936,0.0004411823,0.001074716,0.0001851823,0.02671534,0.7502092,0.0011939,0.1824344],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004504163,0.0002019692,0.1313086,0.0007295636,0.00007578188,0.000002958037,0.00006096911,0.005191355,0.1289369,0.732727,0.000009561936,0.0003048759],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.727156,0.000008292036,0.259748,0.00003827138,0.0002121322,0.0006908542,8.909527e-7,0.0007537738,0.01139181],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8035908,0.000007445149,0.195003,0.00001613666,0.000008770023,0.00006986182,9.884134e-7,0.000009951179,0.001292994],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1821295,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3422236,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09925678041252671,"score_gpt":0.4329090803853109,"score_spread":0.3336522999727842,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}