{"id":"W4320509570","doi":"10.2991/978-94-6463-036-7_210","title":"The Impact of Technology Expenditure on the Commercial Banks’ Profitability in Canada","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in economics, business and management research/Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research","topic":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Profitability index; Spillover effect; Sample (material); Investment (military); Business; Operating expense; Finance; Financial system; Economics; Macroeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004784179,0.0006827932,0.001076133,0.002131206,0.0009969571,0.0003595808,0.002979865,0.0001589855,0.00007704653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000126986,0.0005256096,0.0001038486,0.0009898434,0.00164937,0.001576917,0.006992944,0.001457335,0.000004854073],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002910671,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004658067,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.107843,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7111189,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9945061,0.00024001,0.001412098,0.001731774,0.0005514274,0.001558554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961393,0.001233687,0.0004306484,0.001791154,0.0002989675,0.0001062656],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001974439,0.00008873554,0.003941751,0.000486782,0.000103841,0.00005297668,0.00007450624,0.009645008,7.393992e-8,0.6491942,0.0003704501,0.3358442],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015109,0.0001655337,0.05738776,0.000510331,0.00001200133,0.000003155982,0.001380386,0.001742934,0.00000301796,0.1531192,0.7834348,0.0007300146],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.06807964,0.07888095,0.0003742703,0.02736897,0.002782019,0.01555735,0.0002500607,0.00009289691,0.8066139],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.192192,0.8010079,0.0001766335,0.00009914946,0.00008694502,0.001247495,0.00003374706,0.00006117031,0.00509495],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8015189,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997196,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03516324663107314,"score_gpt":0.3189238293216001,"score_spread":0.283760582690527,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}