{"id":"W4320734516","doi":"10.1002/aws2.1322","title":"Investigation of the formation of <scp>NDMA<sub>UFC</sub></scp> across biofilters","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AWWA Water Science","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Biofilter; Chloramine; Effluent; Chemistry; Chlorine; Environmental chemistry; Ozone; Sampling (signal processing); Ammonia; Environmental engineering; Environmental science; Filter (signal processing); Biochemistry; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004641827,0.000302266,0.0002680565,0.0003975264,0.0006620128,0.0007497512,0.0005136442,0.000367289,0.0006903855],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000965548,0.0002411102,0.0002717532,0.0003042725,0.0002765223,0.0003388182,0.0003307847,0.0003603431,0.0001159956],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001027613,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000540594,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02053801,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993149,0.00004866868,0.00004603413,0.0001910884,0.0002897606,0.0001096005],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990761,0.0001732706,0.0002239717,0.00006951168,0.0003983979,0.00005868802],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006531633,0.00002184821,0.009699434,0.00004569897,0.00001681954,0.00006856657,0.0001206953,0.0003331484,0.9846544,0.00002465054,0.00004683662,0.004902677],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006585171,0.0004263109,0.05618698,0.000006597083,0.0000337158,0.0001233881,0.0001793895,0.002594828,0.9395534,0.00001601553,0.0008616725,0.00001111755],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967277,0.00006220621,0.002374955,0.00001872083,0.000003226685,0.00002848502,0.00020465,0.0000725365,0.0005075766],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973116,0.00005091252,0.002021709,0.00001358905,0.000001326474,0.00001826008,0.0001317502,0.00001509479,0.0004358508],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.018415,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03661561,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01704111890389849,"score_gpt":0.21918313286647,"score_spread":0.2021420139625715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}