{"id":"W4321210058","doi":"10.1002/cjce.24881","title":"Bitumen–solids attachment induced by cation activation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Syncrude","keywords":"Cationic polymerization; Chemistry; Hydrocarbon; Adsorption; Carboxylate; Flocculation; Hydrophobic effect; Metal; Inorganic chemistry; Chemical engineering; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001542804,0.0006107687,0.0003455344,0.0001772751,0.0002322852,0.0003733779,0.0002282317,0.0003380885,0.002315076],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002527476,0.0002191702,0.0002999376,0.000155632,0.0002313079,0.0003083134,0.0004775374,0.000342968,0.000393082],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003636079,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002262783,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001538648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001935977,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997551,0.00002493407,0.00001514273,0.00003839024,0.00009984609,0.00006660565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998367,0.00005597524,0.00003731914,0.00001064604,0.00003891687,0.00002033155],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006604995,0.000005198056,0.0002069632,0.00003174811,0.000003301162,0.00002795776,0.00001561038,0.0001013413,0.9989944,0.00001629774,0.000006543893,0.0005244593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006601781,0.0001526674,0.001714087,0.000003195812,0.00000709896,0.00003113734,0.0000298827,0.0009447222,0.9967058,0.00001708375,0.0003827568,0.000004871456],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986332,0.0001642876,0.0005543526,0.00001599246,0.000009464209,0.00002041006,0.0000689875,0.00001840085,0.0005148959],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981056,0.0001815245,0.0006606934,0.00001850815,0.000004177897,0.00001507388,0.0001281681,0.000007779612,0.0008784828],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002315076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00774467,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01113445584049239,"score_gpt":0.2237584820522479,"score_spread":0.2126240262117555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}