{"id":"W4321222075","doi":"10.1007/s10726-022-09812-y","title":"The Quality-Signaling Role of Manipulated Consumer Reviews","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Group Decision and Negotiation","topic":"Spam and Phishing Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Pooling; Economic surplus; Reputation; Quality (philosophy); Profitability index; Microeconomics; Product (mathematics); Pricing strategies; Profit (economics); Economics; Marketing; Business; Welfare","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01150353,0.0005033099,0.0006343938,0.001350074,0.001182862,0.007488991,0.000981978,0.002798808,0.008537996],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1197076,0.0006488511,0.0004800206,0.0008094326,0.001975539,0.006597549,0.001356058,0.002394574,0.0008355054],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001713307,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001054151,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001188426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007776672,"domain_scores_codex":[0.989472,0.006205171,0.0003585846,0.001058875,0.002367451,0.0005379356],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8710855,0.09319185,0.01704163,0.00911755,0.007290051,0.002273387],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004613894,0.001302952,0.09598481,0.001138803,0.0007610059,0.001450088,0.008697775,0.01867851,0.05769878,0.6129916,0.01000397,0.1866778],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008497277,0.001662205,0.1243668,0.0003728422,0.00104055,0.001641487,0.004415297,0.2495763,0.02696265,0.5557407,0.03291843,0.0004532322],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7090486,0.002634721,0.0904116,0.01372156,0.0007036618,0.0003433543,0.000437195,0.0003723654,0.1823271],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993757,0.000162135,0.002679731,0.0002713405,0.0001330412,0.00002519488,0.00002786859,0.00002794127,0.002915618],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01150353,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06083721,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04535607365386315,"score_gpt":0.311223157708606,"score_spread":0.2658670840547429,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}