{"id":"W4321454280","doi":"10.31635/renewables.023.202200008","title":"Current Trends in Sourcing, Recycling, and Regeneration of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries—A Review","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewables","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Lithium (medication); Regeneration (biology); Current (fluid); Environmental science; Business; Engineering; Biology; Electrical engineering; Cell biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001883283,0.00007802455,0.0001483842,0.0001904498,0.00002269116,0.0000151568,0.0000347756,0.00003240818,0.00009757438],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003106948,0.00007616368,0.00002179205,0.0004345285,0.00001070568,0.0001212715,0.00001029314,0.00004574311,0.000007773316],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001886315,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008464825,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001979169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002914269,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994128,0.00002101441,0.0002684824,0.0001079968,0.00009512885,0.00009460506],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997884,0.00002207866,0.00004460984,0.00009215689,0.00002390656,0.00002884646],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001937342,0.00008764853,0.006185822,0.008894408,0.00003581247,0.000006208923,0.001462021,0.09753972,0.09862175,0.0006326936,0.3261493,0.4603652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004227506,0.00004391753,0.005671834,0.003397296,0.00002984576,0.0000082389,0.0001251027,0.02696953,0.1087391,0.0004674036,0.8537895,0.0003354315],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7342662,0.2331691,0.003852147,0.002611192,0.001931929,0.0004613736,0.00002910081,0.0009758724,0.02270307],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5958161,0.3986347,0.0002719696,0.0000887567,0.0001794913,0.00004960483,0.0002146994,0.0000371388,0.004707494],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5276402,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3105865,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03145783770212036,"score_gpt":0.301863275528264,"score_spread":0.2704054378261437,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}