{"id":"W4322626820","doi":"10.1007/s10113-022-02018-7","title":"Confronting climate change and livelihood: smallholder farmers’ perceptions and adaptation strategies in northeastern Burundi","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Regional Environmental Change","topic":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Académie de recherche et d'enseignement supérieur; Global Affairs Canada; African Institute for Mathematical Sciences; VLIRUOS; Vlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad; International Development Research Centre; Division of Mathematical Sciences; Government of Canada","keywords":"Livelihood; Climate change; Agriculture; Geography; Livestock; Adaptation (eye); Business; Poverty; Environmental resource management; Agricultural economics; Socioeconomics; Natural resource economics; Agroforestry; Economics; Economic growth; Environmental science; Forestry","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001336857,0.0002749885,0.0002723218,0.0004291827,0.001790074,0.001171267,0.0004991402,0.0004953785,0.001701329],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001938062,0.0001759619,0.0001487526,0.0006538664,0.001117413,0.000868989,0.001140324,0.000449357,0.0001235952],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001222881,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008002392,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02978515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07144252,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995492,0.0002044261,0.00002273369,0.00004397569,0.00004586943,0.0001337048],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987214,0.000416667,0.0004208107,0.00002678926,0.0001205166,0.0002937555],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001291767,0.0002870006,0.8074387,0.0001495515,0.00003684889,0.002140479,0.1696544,0.0002024203,0.003667084,0.000344662,0.0004044999,0.01554515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006980605,0.0002486981,0.6584654,0.0000777727,0.0000137267,0.0001891833,0.3388318,0.000267723,0.0001635207,0.0001268866,0.00159353,0.00001475244],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996257,0.00005091074,0.00001807363,0.0000909267,0.000001609146,0.000003788367,0.000005400776,3.273242e-7,0.0002031181],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996998,0.00007105088,0.00004085649,0.00003249898,0.000001256455,0.000005143223,0.000007609945,2.123595e-7,0.000141493],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02978515,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05922359,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.127457845630491,"score_gpt":0.2485083163247722,"score_spread":0.1210504706942813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}