{"id":"W4322734863","doi":"10.1287/mnsc.2023.4711","title":"Enforcement Waves and Spillovers","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Management Science","topic":"Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Misrepresentation; Enforcement; Business; Misconduct; Quarter (Canadian coin); Economics; Finance; Monetary economics; Actuarial science; Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001294539,0.0002293814,0.0001597891,0.0008335492,0.0006764151,0.0008131716,0.0007772036,0.00002292711,0.0002966512],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008291022,0.0002239315,0.0000439164,0.003104938,0.0004549276,0.001945954,0.00207563,0.00009991202,0.002459576],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007593364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008485626,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000146391,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001121875,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971869,0.000004184023,0.0002559513,0.0007525351,0.001045457,0.0007549808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971648,0.00001961857,0.002292324,0.0004334588,0.00005861802,0.00003118174],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001131019,0.00003048118,0.02052875,0.0003286614,0.00003229575,0.00008021297,0.0001161636,0.000825498,0.0003783378,0.7339691,0.02312823,0.220571],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005231992,0.00001272187,0.1514149,0.0000778111,0.00004497031,7.955815e-7,0.0009071707,0.01030623,0.00005833515,0.006456764,0.8297645,0.0004326139],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3439173,0.0000294811,0.02066597,0.001984009,0.001034554,0.0008410328,0.000001709172,0.001009712,0.6305162],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9831601,0.00007876095,0.0003718022,0.002475048,0.0002585765,0.0000401451,0.000007126878,0.00002557585,0.01358288],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8066362,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983171,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01071301615702134,"score_gpt":0.2192707916338755,"score_spread":0.2085577754768542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}