{"id":"W4322758476","doi":"10.1183/13993003.00239-2023","title":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2023 Report: GOLD Executive Summary","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Respiratory Journal","topic":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1221,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"St. Paul's Hospital; University of British Columbia; McGill University Health Centre","funders":"National Institutes of Health; Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco, Ministero della Salute; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Sunovion; AstraZeneca; CSL Behring; Chiesi Farmaceutici; Sanofi; American Thoracic Society; Pfizer; COPD Foundation; GlaxoSmithKline; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries","keywords":"Medicine; Obstructive lung disease; COPD; Lung disease; Executive summary; Pulmonary disease; Gold standard (test); Intensive care medicine; Lung; Internal medicine; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04196635017121516,"score_gpt":0.3329392438612955,"score_spread":0.2909728936900804,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."},"direct_labels":[],"classifier":{"requested":true,"available":true,"version":"metacan-v1-d91a1de5be90","frame_rows_covered":4299418,"decision_targets":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","metaepi_broad","bibliometrics","sts","scholarly_communication","open_science","research_integrity","randomized_trial","nonrandomized_trial","observational","systematic_review","meta_analysis","case_report","qualitative","simulation_or_modeling","bench_or_experimental","theoretical_or_conceptual","not_applicable"],"score_encoding":"uint16_le_65535","score_resolution":0.000015259021896696422,"interpretation":"Scores imitate each teacher on the enriched screening sample; they are not calibrated prevalence probabilities for the full frame.","warning":null},"prediction":{"classifier_version":"metacan-v1-d91a1de5be90","candidate_union":["observational","not_applicable"],"consensus_intersection":["observational"],"score_encoding":"uint16_le_65535","score_resolution":0.000015259021896696422,"scores":{"codex":{"metaresearch":0.00038147554741741054,"metaepi_narrow":0.0014343480582894638,"metaepi_broad":0.00019836728465705348,"bibliometrics":0.000503547722590982,"sts":0.000030518043793392844,"scholarly_communication":0.00010681315327687495,"open_science":0.0001373311970702678,"research_integrity":0.0007019150072480354,"randomized_trial":0.00010681315327687495,"nonrandomized_trial":0.00006103608758678569,"observational":0.5511253528648814,"systematic_review":0.0008850232700083925,"meta_analysis":0.00006103608758678569,"case_report":0.0018310826276035706,"qualitative":0.00006103608758678569,"simulation_or_modeling":0.00007629510948348211,"bench_or_experimental":0.000030518043793392844,"theoretical_or_conceptual":0.0005188067444876783,"not_applicable":0.05096513313496605,"design_other":0.8088044556343938},"gemma":{"metaresearch":0.0005951018539711605,"metaepi_narrow":0.000030518043793392844,"metaepi_broad":0.00012207217517357137,"bibliometrics":0.00022888532845044633,"sts":0.000015259021896696422,"scholarly_communication":0.0003356984817273213,"open_science":0.0004119935912108034,"research_integrity":0.00015259021896696422,"randomized_trial":0.0016174563210498208,"nonrandomized_trial":0.00022888532845044633,"observational":0.19751277943083848,"systematic_review":0.0011291676203555353,"meta_analysis":0.000030518043793392844,"case_report":0.003646906233310445,"qualitative":0.00012207217517357137,"simulation_or_modeling":0.0004272526131074998,"bench_or_experimental":0.000015259021896696422,"theoretical_or_conceptual":0.000045777065690089265,"not_applicable":0.9800869764248111}},"interpretation":"Scores imitate each teacher on the enriched screening sample; they are not calibrated prevalence probabilities for the full frame."}}