{"id":"W4323046518","doi":"10.3390/su15054489","title":"The Costs of Soil Erosion to Crop Production in Canada between 1971 and 2015","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainability","topic":"Soil erosion and sediment transport","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Erosion; Environmental science; Productivity; Sustainability; Soil carbon; Agriculture; Soil conservation; Crop yield; Yield (engineering); Agricultural economics; Agroforestry; Agronomy; Soil water; Geography; Economics; Soil science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004074282,0.0004001694,0.0002721199,0.001643352,0.001482133,0.002239105,0.0007070019,0.0002727742,0.001650778],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001870854,0.0002470479,0.0006732489,0.004339227,0.0005848706,0.0005241822,0.0009270515,0.0006425033,0.0001269339],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.06527219,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.05958754,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9952715,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9977016,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990492,0.00002797394,0.00003167823,0.00006515926,0.0005398717,0.0002860559],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988617,0.00006566555,0.0002005851,0.0000275273,0.0006777834,0.0001667559],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004391489,0.00008915277,0.8667701,0.000411326,0.0004288967,0.00119525,0.001083407,0.0201927,0.001220229,0.005566429,0.01212676,0.09047662],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000010557,0.00002730428,0.9735442,0.0001033409,0.00009488494,0.0001940142,0.001585355,0.005538542,0.0004643991,0.0002846213,0.01810971,0.0000430835],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.955091,0.003966091,0.0004939619,0.001606418,0.00003251784,0.00006503768,0.0228388,0.00005314532,0.0158529],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9849317,0.003552936,0.0006116416,0.0001124518,0.000008110324,0.00001171047,0.005873778,0.00001308081,0.004884631],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06527219,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4735851,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01667913566366242,"score_gpt":0.2465152484642467,"score_spread":0.2298361128005843,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}