{"id":"W4323276329","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2023.100700","title":"A critical review of the transformation of biomass into commodity chemicals: Prominence of pretreatments","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","keywords":"Biomass (ecology); Environmental science; Waste management; Commercialization; Natural resource economics; Population; Commodity chemicals; Greenhouse gas; Value added; Environmental engineering; Business; Engineering; Chemistry; Ecology; Economics; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001715879,0.0001930903,0.0007014092,0.00004087186,0.00001507238,0.000001022621,0.0002138238,0.0001607168,0.00004938327],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002328222,0.0001283422,0.0002807338,0.00009081591,0.0002056167,0.00005753167,0.00006080657,0.0001352701,0.0000133036],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008590108,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008631069,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002079413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.648664e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989119,0.00007360076,0.0005434087,0.0001491056,0.000230946,0.00009102945],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994581,0.00005613705,0.0001450877,0.0003070074,0.000005401441,0.00002827907],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001510478,0.0001041005,8.521585e-7,0.686878,0.0001029177,1.722344e-7,0.0001982684,1.489912e-7,0.0004659416,0.00001252308,0.00007546331,0.3121602],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002794249,0.0001638755,0.00005892776,0.1849245,0.001114219,0.00001546387,0.0002361581,0.0000328085,0.04017904,0.00007675009,0.7724694,0.0004494209],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001383101,0.998642,0.000004529658,0.0001189355,0.0001400994,0.0006499278,0.0001500558,0.0000235208,0.0001326623],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.005523434,0.9942837,0.00004200402,0.00000214885,0.00001891471,0.00004371901,0.00005490479,0.00002130126,0.000009874223],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7723939,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5233642,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.067128190198825,"score_gpt":0.2949173372533043,"score_spread":0.2277891470544793,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}