{"id":"W4323318562","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.110038","title":"Biodiesel Refining and Processing Strategies","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"IntechOpen eBooks","topic":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Refining (metallurgy); Biodiesel; Waste management; Pulp and paper industry; Waste oil; Filtration (mathematics); Biofuel; Glyceride; Biodiesel production; Oil refinery; Chemistry; Adsorption; Environmental science; Fatty acid; Organic chemistry; Catalysis; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001197493,0.001067178,0.0004435574,0.001729911,0.0003960615,0.001763694,0.0008478267,0.0006792134,0.01911971],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001035997,0.0003588069,0.0004374131,0.002349044,0.0002495278,0.001790747,0.0006861946,0.001157501,0.01999353],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000747094,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005275795,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001057901,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002039442,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998693,0.000005214455,0.000006105759,0.00003370237,0.00007163722,0.00001395882],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999768,0.000003183509,0.000002222768,0.000002636233,0.00001184829,0.00000335221],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000625266,0.0001648007,0.0001533018,0.003389842,0.0000175712,0.0003351425,0.0003163741,0.00174136,0.06615014,0.04438765,0.03502124,0.84826],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003580449,0.0000362832,0.0001802117,0.0003673851,0.000007940226,0.0004815885,0.00004257449,0.0003766277,0.01542339,0.003932861,0.9791366,0.000010921],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.01161854,0.3540545,0.02688039,0.0009003682,0.0008869937,0.0002516373,0.0007448802,0.0007005471,0.6039622],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01975333,0.4175788,0.02717146,0.0006434238,0.0002041379,0.0001605787,0.001264238,0.0002363837,0.5329877],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01911971,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0639618,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03903251552225204,"score_gpt":0.241464462792276,"score_spread":0.202431947270024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}