{"id":"W4323321720","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00873","title":"Patent Challenges And Litigation On Inhalers For Asthma And COPD","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Health Affairs","topic":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Generic drug; Certification; Formulary; Paragraph; Brand names; Medicine; Food and drug administration; Business; Competition (biology); Tying; Asthma; Marketing; Drug; Pharmacology; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01933942,0.0003201762,0.0005608281,0.002961488,0.006016203,0.007216778,0.001345117,0.01536177,0.006248769],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07191598,0.0005157189,0.001354015,0.002606444,0.005151648,0.005799124,0.003309947,0.008433249,0.001276648],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008220549,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008569752,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01385741,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00957146,"domain_scores_codex":[0.977796,0.005864955,0.001540047,0.001878547,0.009329086,0.003591396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9014425,0.07508152,0.01482995,0.001911778,0.004254134,0.002480187],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002110395,0.00015993,0.02374109,0.0002243472,0.00005715436,0.003267683,0.002264398,0.002161993,0.001027614,0.7990428,0.1063295,0.06151254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003278009,0.0009195512,0.1386831,0.002012282,0.0002324485,0.004835472,0.004163003,0.008779254,0.003987555,0.2312949,0.6043981,0.000366628],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2567253,0.05287113,0.006359921,0.3520945,0.001697421,0.0002376037,0.001365103,0.0001636691,0.3284854],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9072309,0.01216269,0.001283799,0.05281982,0.003250907,0.000121194,0.0004622909,0.00002788516,0.02264048],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01933942,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1022779,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2140562939056647,"score_gpt":0.3259402132449904,"score_spread":0.1118839193393257,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}