{"id":"W4323667837","doi":"10.1016/j.eneco.2023.106618","title":"A threshold effect of COVID-19 risk on oil price returns","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Economics","topic":"Market Dynamics and Volatility","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Oil price; Economics; Pandemic; Toll; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Econometrics; West Texas Intermediate; Asset (computer security); Financial economics; Monetary economics; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001608516,0.0002802722,0.0008252867,0.0007599088,0.0003957539,0.003949518,0.0007697942,0.001687722,0.009138979],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02097047,0.0003444405,0.0006301834,0.0004046148,0.001180657,0.003359606,0.001447862,0.002293616,0.0007934021],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008880435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008914622,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003707834,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001847987,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991542,0.0001155265,0.00006518605,0.0001878885,0.0001529193,0.0003242431],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9879858,0.007677677,0.001258783,0.001286036,0.0008168165,0.0009749478],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003869678,0.001512852,0.201235,0.0004641213,0.0004378645,0.002943451,0.001219702,0.08618249,0.1065474,0.5163708,0.006163626,0.07305294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002977817,0.001019016,0.3526109,0.0001768562,0.000438659,0.00116387,0.001136152,0.3669028,0.03624267,0.2370455,0.002670683,0.0002951222],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9723091,0.0004240642,0.01074607,0.0008780641,0.00004974951,0.00001756866,0.0002093672,0.0002485334,0.01511755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986643,0.00005745169,0.0002220001,0.00003818916,0.00001076075,0.000001730416,0.00002883848,0.00001355321,0.0009632508],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009138979,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03057289,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01956865235993103,"score_gpt":0.2291544194291538,"score_spread":0.2095857670692228,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}