{"id":"W4324007016","doi":"10.14722/ndss.2023.23084","title":"ChargePrint: A Framework for Internet-Scale Discovery and Security Analysis of EV Charging Management Systems","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Concordia University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Computer science; Scale (ratio); The Internet; Data science; Security analysis; Computer security; World Wide Web; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003128896,0.0001505239,0.0003671771,0.0003377518,0.00002427241,0.00007127046,0.0001380274,0.00008253922,0.00002286037],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008297913,0.0001451703,0.0001487131,0.0008450661,0.0000193898,0.0001171123,0.00008081352,0.0001068238,0.00001313734],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004302996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001908719,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003561068,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004051529,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989968,0.00001612588,0.0002788456,0.0002461509,0.0001523315,0.0003097782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994901,0.0001039422,0.00003992129,0.0002817925,0.00001931403,0.00006496444],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001146881,0.00001908056,0.004330616,0.001017102,0.002854911,0.000008363473,0.0008416473,0.9181526,0.0001430359,0.07069883,0.001066635,0.000855761],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001360904,0.000009598457,0.003944734,0.000127982,0.0004026919,7.595074e-7,0.0003408972,0.9927231,0.000282697,0.0006916028,0.001180376,0.0001594719],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5346078,0.0004384631,0.4624366,0.00004224433,0.0003146991,0.0004774519,0.00003449725,0.0003782464,0.001270084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976437,0.0002689282,0.001223827,0.00001340185,0.00006274635,0.0001091877,0.00004975401,0.00003227423,0.0005961839],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4630359,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5919871,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008855892533612537,"score_gpt":0.2288595235580355,"score_spread":0.220003631024423,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}