{"id":"W4327518366","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-54621-2_739-1","title":"Bilevel Knapsack Problems","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Encyclopedia of Optimization","topic":"Optimization and Search Problems","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Knapsack problem; Bilevel optimization; Computer science; Mathematics; Mathematical optimization; Optimization problem","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003680908,0.0003699613,0.0004497808,0.0005610745,0.0001007294,0.0001000303,0.001010308,0.0003936805,0.0004973204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009841062,0.00037408,0.0001614321,0.0003122586,0.00009120222,0.0005272015,0.0003965512,0.0003254209,0.0003801518],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000612167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002868478,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006662687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004369605,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975077,0.00003700882,0.0007546364,0.0006541242,0.0007233176,0.0003232149],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978703,0.0001266985,0.0005357303,0.0008360564,0.0004806684,0.0001505892],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002548524,0.00002707965,0.000005525357,0.0001240661,0.00004478839,0.000006698309,0.0003100444,0.7001243,0.000001361885,0.2814727,0.007989538,0.009891278],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000534535,0.0001833596,0.00001133941,0.0003900846,0.00003469723,0.000006639347,0.000004243444,0.7965488,0.000008990055,0.03434782,0.167161,0.0007684676],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[7.675582e-8,0.00007371525,0.5046117,0.0002517067,0.0004434349,0.0004167617,0.00001495295,0.0002853024,0.4939023],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00001134227,0.008283957,0.2288942,0.00007229387,0.0001332291,0.00003635381,0.0002380543,0.0001027257,0.7622278],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2757176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998711,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0298448764551417,"score_gpt":0.2409009152561241,"score_spread":0.2110560388009824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}