{"id":"W4327582350","doi":"10.1007/s42330-023-00263-4","title":"Investigative Research Projects for Students in Science: The State of the Field and a Research Agenda","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Science Mathematics and Technology Education","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Affordance; Science education; Field (mathematics); Work (physics); Psychology; Control (management); Engineering ethics; Sociology; Mathematics education; Computer science; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.02529233,0.00003663126,0.00007700171,0.002398152,0.002504242,0.0002212186,0.001260308,0.00003974212,0.000004455384],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02100055,0.00002287136,0.000009887891,0.009891092,0.0189645,0.0002409225,0.00009002227,0.000342976,8.285015e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001865062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02523245,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004314749,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02584956,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983144,0.0001042161,0.0002074382,0.0001385676,0.0008178101,0.0004176016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971567,0.0007591532,0.0001262056,0.0001651064,0.001613677,0.0001791157],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002221736,0.0000707756,0.06888609,0.00004552356,0.000003714606,8.901883e-7,0.576672,0.000002529522,0.003748374,0.3066031,0.005031466,0.03893334],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000790594,0.0001050629,0.03610447,0.0001542225,0.000002267239,0.000007015782,0.5054485,0.0001072365,0.00359368,0.4511447,0.003206625,0.00004710957],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9447764,0.00009624946,0.00000280101,0.05376217,0.0003646741,0.000417808,9.740322e-7,0.000002144778,0.0005767755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990547,0.00006432147,0.0003867361,0.0000847814,0.00002731602,0.00003371647,3.253645e-8,0.000001979773,0.0003463969],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1445416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987944,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2656887976837181,"score_gpt":0.5513359157919202,"score_spread":0.2856471181082021,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}