{"id":"W4327967418","doi":"10.1007/s12134-023-01025-9","title":"The Effect of Pre-immigration Canadian Work Experience on the Returns to Human Capital Among Immigrants","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l integration et de la migration internationale","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Statistics Canada; Engineers Without Borders Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Earnings; Human capital; Demographic economics; Work experience; Work (physics); Immigration policy; Economics; Labour economics; Political science; Economic growth; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001431165,0.0004251072,0.0004478867,0.001561349,0.004717675,0.002886056,0.001947145,0.001241793,0.007085135],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006724935,0.000312583,0.0006841508,0.002430909,0.001964679,0.0007997897,0.001812733,0.001750547,0.000516872],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01855378,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03235542,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9721513,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9864519,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998382,0.0001992676,0.00005683077,0.0001217858,0.0002882114,0.0009517822],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9918207,0.001357678,0.001044948,0.0002345595,0.001996514,0.003545684],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005678525,0.0003601747,0.9866306,0.00002532171,0.00007345543,0.0002398151,0.00347204,0.0002803068,0.0002688806,0.0005147431,0.0007136418,0.006853068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000621655,0.00003884637,0.9944643,0.00001552192,0.00001414534,0.00001987813,0.004777866,0.00006097158,0.00003833657,0.000029775,0.0005236072,0.00001048161],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966457,0.0003132968,0.00001426104,0.0003218727,0.00001254037,0.000009694627,0.0003282352,0.000002227001,0.002352028],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976214,0.000192107,0.00001906837,0.00005459729,0.000006071499,0.00000523378,0.0002565713,0.000002477769,0.001842515],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02784872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1346177,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0114491514420694,"score_gpt":0.3113733090644715,"score_spread":0.2999241576224021,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}