{"id":"W4327980547","doi":"10.1007/s42773-023-00209-x","title":"Adsorption of methane on biochar for emission reduction in oil and gas fields","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biochar","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; FPInnovations; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Biochar; Methane; Adsorption; Fossil fuel; Greenhouse gas; Work (physics); Waste management; Enhanced coal bed methane recovery; Chemical engineering; Environmental science; Chemistry; Materials science; Petroleum engineering; Pulp and paper industry; Coal; Pyrolysis; Organic chemistry; Thermodynamics; Geology; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001506332,0.0000744566,0.00008517037,0.00001291114,0.00001997283,0.000002637201,0.0000515595,0.00007803176,0.000138773],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001489567,0.00006811791,0.00002646005,0.000147653,0.00006989172,0.00004696485,0.00005315943,0.00004445921,0.00005524857],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000549447,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001819761,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001088288,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004691977,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994352,0.00001465059,0.0001203297,0.0001917843,0.0001092419,0.0001288276],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997967,0.00001668208,0.00004518457,0.00009966719,0.000001076339,0.00004062268],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009788969,0.00006235959,0.002906639,0.00002858697,0.00000376866,8.157975e-7,0.000342454,0.005255734,0.8723573,0.00004786086,0.0006560652,0.1182405],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003689544,0.001969087,0.08689351,0.0002927601,0.00005817748,0.00002326847,0.002530862,0.05090139,0.8352413,0.006692663,0.01066097,0.001046429],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987448,0.00005049477,0.0003260699,0.0004523218,0.00009130898,0.00006697152,0.000003496,0.00002010791,0.0002443684],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995657,0.0007919628,0.001186785,0.0000370076,0.00002504041,0.00002004843,0.0000135102,0.000009821611,0.002258877],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1171941,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2777768,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01298788737126284,"score_gpt":0.2338740959079251,"score_spread":0.2208862085366622,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}