{"id":"W4352980724","doi":"10.1109/npsc57038.2022.10069972","title":"VSC-HVDC System Based Ancillary Services for AC Grids","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Opal-Rt Technologies (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Electric power system; Grid; High-voltage direct current; Voltage source; Computer science; Automatic frequency control; AC power; Reliability (semiconductor); Renewable energy; Reliability engineering; Control engineering; Voltage; Power (physics); Engineering; Electrical engineering; Telecommunications; Direct current","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002368514,0.00009329578,0.0001213604,0.00005757561,0.0001711196,0.00002488492,0.00009932296,0.00003830556,0.0000812353],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001422228,0.0000898599,0.00005942532,0.0001366874,0.000002439462,0.00006543013,0.00002102567,0.00007562344,0.00001854294],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001575023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001115047,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001126762,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002856449,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993876,0.0000174576,0.000164022,0.0001240232,0.0001390543,0.0001678649],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997354,0.00002036758,0.00001994755,0.0001607334,0.00002404191,0.00003954377],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001318577,0.00009450113,0.001385742,0.01598199,0.0002710868,0.00003151152,0.00129508,0.8676475,0.05083829,0.006034049,0.03501271,0.02127567],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004021172,0.00006965442,0.0001328259,0.00002627076,0.000008986321,0.00001447012,0.001128754,0.7277447,0.002326683,0.000006790791,0.267977,0.0001617407],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5273331,0.002314704,0.3937898,0.0003297631,0.009789438,0.004401167,0.000368167,0.007448537,0.05422526],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997825,9.95189e-7,0.0007921158,0.0000659461,0.0001976489,0.0006458519,0.00002575818,0.0000312948,0.0004154118],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4704918,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.366438,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005575733363634403,"score_gpt":0.1780931203713682,"score_spread":0.1725173870077338,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}