{"id":"W4353031579","doi":"10.1017/9781107588493.002","title":"Introduction","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Computational Physics and Python Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Overfitting; Artificial intelligence; Curse of dimensionality; Computer science; Intersection (aeronautics); Machine learning; Geography; Artificial neural network; Cartography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000711106,0.001065518,0.0007408787,0.001705269,0.001740117,0.005359205,0.002086988,0.002595574,0.4713469],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003075138,0.00039817,0.0005967965,0.001980194,0.0009960714,0.004442015,0.002783617,0.00236999,0.3425908],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001688307,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001892818,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002330851,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031096,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990612,0.00009266082,0.00004347492,0.0002326782,0.0004829893,0.00008707801],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989537,0.0001794751,0.0000518018,0.0001641999,0.000474507,0.0001761986],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003689347,0.00003944612,0.0001800401,0.0002983611,0.000004673346,0.000125647,0.0003138706,0.0002237709,0.0004809962,0.0773076,0.7421501,0.1788387],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001104734,0.00000520573,0.00005796415,0.00006913247,8.279883e-7,0.00007825701,0.00003697477,0.00002363789,0.0000562421,0.004988347,0.9946793,0.000002872172],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000799249,0.009708812,0.007965177,0.005450088,0.005993745,0.0001382144,0.003086752,0.001675991,0.965182],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004115954,0.006046279,0.004166334,0.002314392,0.001315265,0.00009329948,0.002917482,0.0006338794,0.9783972],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5286531,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7540594,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0223015443915616,"score_gpt":0.2029908555455733,"score_spread":0.1806893111540117,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}