{"id":"W4353055654","doi":"10.3138/cjpe.75428","title":"Causal Claims in Contribution Analysis","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation","topic":"Evaluation and Performance Assessment","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Counterfactual thinking; Causality (physics); Causation; Relevance (law); Epistemology; Causal analysis; Counterfactual conditional; Generative grammar; Probabilistic logic; Computer science; Positive economics; Psychology; Sociology; Econometrics; Philosophy; Artificial intelligence; Economics; Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.11057,0.001734618,0.002348927,0.009452751,0.006515436,0.009799355,0.003813345,0.006007419,0.01377167],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2144046,0.001103009,0.002981369,0.007240245,0.03506328,0.02355297,0.01023277,0.009175946,0.001457523],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008375866,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006817175,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003129998,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001943417,"domain_scores_codex":[0.8767645,0.09488531,0.004196111,0.007236667,0.0150215,0.00189594],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.6949682,0.2644344,0.007143975,0.01875588,0.01302243,0.001675084],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001304204,0.00001536934,0.0003461567,0.0001023792,0.00003473927,0.00004214836,0.0006494134,0.0008646497,0.00002383189,0.9895167,0.0009488281,0.007442747],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009288323,0.000007126577,0.00007695397,0.0001033992,0.00001414321,0.00002990645,0.0001454229,0.001910304,0.00007622931,0.9916781,0.005939038,0.00001013237],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.009075671,0.005773429,0.8671819,0.02381168,0.001223084,0.0004587689,0.0002334521,0.0002309247,0.09201103],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6120225,0.004339723,0.3602875,0.005108815,0.002518947,0.001950126,0.0003098307,0.0003448596,0.0131177],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.11057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5847569,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4173134303158473,"score_gpt":0.5774615920977317,"score_spread":0.1601481617818845,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}