{"id":"W435636764","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-32735-3","title":"Pretreatment Techniques for Biofuels and Biorefineries","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Green energy and technology","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":159,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"U.S. Forest Service; Connaught Fund; Universidad de Zaragoza; Universidad de Granada; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Chinese Academy of Sciences; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Washington State University; Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia; Universidade de São Paulo","keywords":"Biofuel; Biochemical engineering; Environmental science; Engineering; Waste management","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002551755,0.0002501897,0.0002593024,0.0003465913,0.0000637242,0.00001517873,0.0000813064,0.000928921,0.00002665328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002976556,0.0002123135,0.000030314,0.00006277663,0.000274343,0.00004592304,0.00007189315,0.0001196756,0.000003303133],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003797929,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001489466,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003224222,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001679943,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993538,0.000003147316,0.0001410652,0.000287325,0.00003938761,0.0001752292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996694,0.00001073452,0.00003868407,0.0002034685,0.00003938773,0.00003826335],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001215773,0.00001506488,0.00003865595,0.0008287964,0.000218613,0.00000461236,0.00001774056,1.720894e-7,0.002304867,0.05137439,0.06146182,0.8837231],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001388115,0.0001757616,0.000002936566,0.00004070707,0.00003749625,0.00003128258,0.000006516642,0.00006215063,0.02490036,0.04097545,0.9333941,0.0002343956],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.01148868,0.2841548,0.01926674,0.04090084,0.005214323,0.008094738,0.001562515,0.03566843,0.5936489],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01064791,0.02489688,0.008257835,0.0002419365,0.0005383145,0.0006576992,0.0003426229,0.0001660605,0.9542508],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8834887,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8657892,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006190335403866209,"score_gpt":0.1772651886753902,"score_spread":0.171074853271524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}