{"id":"W4360609277","doi":"10.35502/jcswb.315","title":"Defunding the police: Reflecting on the US experience and lessons learned for Canada","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being","topic":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Public Safety Canada","funders":"","keywords":"George (robot); Political science; Public administration; Public relations; Service provider; Human services; Criminology; Service (business); Sociology; Law; Business; History","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003602037,0.00006300949,0.0001080219,0.00004318397,0.007130107,0.0001484345,0.0002893057,0.0000365023,0.0000129357],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006552393,0.00003930868,0.00003954916,0.0002360076,0.0001697384,0.0001888484,0.00007540429,0.0006360341,6.42846e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007696693,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001865068,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7245068,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7596077,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985399,0.0008122247,0.0001908744,0.00003843791,0.0002006841,0.0002178841],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9943295,0.005197133,0.0002043975,0.0001306125,0.0000617987,0.00007660937],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001210413,0.00002020896,0.004574672,0.00001753914,0.00005026106,0.000001324942,0.9195312,0.0004997023,0.0002902962,0.05440748,0.001872063,0.01861418],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000298204,0.0001101707,0.06851269,0.0001643778,0.00004819148,0.00002795749,0.5488814,0.000341171,0.00005360281,0.008187149,0.373233,0.000142158],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9046031,0.00001451313,0.00005032492,0.07749861,0.0001656931,0.00007321215,0.000001612536,0.000008607179,0.01758437],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961923,0.001435906,0.00002343017,0.001743007,0.0002097249,0.000001791596,3.936831e-7,0.00000548369,0.0003879945],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3713609,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9941625,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1734175178256566,"score_gpt":0.4563536622045553,"score_spread":0.2829361443788987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}