{"id":"W4360615356","doi":"10.3390/s23073376","title":"Towards a Multi-Pixel Photon-to-Digital Converter for Time-Bin Quantum Key Distribution","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sensors","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; CMC Microsystems; Université de Sherbrooke; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Waterloo; Canada First Research Excellence Fund","keywords":"Quantum key distribution; Time-to-digital converter; Bin; Photon; Computer science; Electronic engineering; Chip; Avalanche photodiode; Physics; Detector; Optics; Computer hardware; Engineering; Clock signal; Telecommunications; Jitter","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005968562,0.000356548,0.0004438892,0.0004198,0.0003262295,0.001253077,0.00163294,0.0007197607,0.002942228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007392432,0.0003631204,0.00020366,0.0004443393,0.0004378859,0.0009866557,0.0005596789,0.0009254016,0.0009071351],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009115934,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007751882,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003743901,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006210518,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994525,0.00004763028,0.00002165683,0.000134934,0.0002926958,0.00005043384],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996234,0.00008944334,0.00004798917,0.00006919132,0.0001232359,0.00004672303],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002484023,0.0002440735,0.0007142074,0.0001714699,0.00002779262,0.0001189313,0.00007547256,0.002952236,0.9268231,0.01286148,0.001007992,0.05475485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004157917,0.0004489431,0.000629006,0.00001664558,0.00002367565,0.0004218287,0.00001736415,0.05972474,0.92261,0.001062623,0.0149698,0.00003384853],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2445831,0.001665495,0.7352453,0.0005804109,0.0004333822,0.0005970659,0.0004173703,0.002972331,0.01350547],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4301501,0.0002953049,0.564579,0.0002698018,0.00005940442,0.0001466998,0.0001353084,0.00008463297,0.004279793],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002942228,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009842753,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0182462042233036,"score_gpt":0.2729910662012249,"score_spread":0.2547448619779213,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}