{"id":"W4360820547","doi":"10.1016/j.astropartphys.2023.102850","title":"Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array to spectral signatures of hadronic PeVatrons with application to Galactic Supernova Remnants","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astroparticle Physics","topic":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Argonne National Laboratory; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron; Canadian Space Agency; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy; Regione Lombardia; State Committee of Science; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Universitetet i Oslo; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Fundação Araucária; U.S. Department of Energy; Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; University of Sydney; Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca; Ministère de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche; Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku; Iowa State University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Western Sydney University; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; European Commission; Leverhulme Trust; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; National Research Foundation; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS; University of New South Wales; Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; University of Oxford; Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo; University of Leicester; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; Durham University; Fondazione Cariplo; Smithsonian Institution; Barnard College; Monash University; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Comunidad de Madrid; Sveučilište u Zagrebu; Georgia Institute of Technology; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Galactic plane; Cosmic ray; Cherenkov Telescope Array; Hadron; Galaxy; Observatory; Astronomy; Supernova; Cherenkov radiation; Monte Carlo method; Active galactic nucleus; Detector; Nuclear physics; Optics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007463099,0.0002628321,0.0002794208,0.0009242042,0.0003201722,0.0009539688,0.000415935,0.0007262366,0.0007659],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001896152,0.0003828377,0.0003547386,0.0008304897,0.000553161,0.0004785736,0.0006569567,0.0003526144,0.0001297941],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003500423,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000201663,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001860562,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001826092,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997131,0.00006583081,0.000009563078,0.0001049476,0.00005386539,0.00005263984],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998623,0.0008780467,0.0001332875,0.0001477821,0.0001415432,0.00007625241],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002493268,0.0002006323,0.3201865,0.0002152964,0.000390543,0.0006652925,0.0005084583,0.02176803,0.608252,0.002813471,0.0004167429,0.04208992],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001418205,0.0006977682,0.7021021,0.00003814904,0.0002638172,0.002186595,0.0002743322,0.06303983,0.2255785,0.002684048,0.002883339,0.000109675],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899701,0.0009192594,0.004794625,0.00007724598,0.00001420503,0.00001729871,0.0002454476,0.0001486684,0.003813091],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997584,0.0002284786,0.001568286,0.00003673747,0.00001017431,0.000006835221,0.0001300824,0.00001444598,0.0004210187],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001860562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0039469,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0085451459706925,"score_gpt":0.228967378175156,"score_spread":0.2204222322044635,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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