{"id":"W4360820547","doi":"10.1016/j.astropartphys.2023.102850","title":"Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array to spectral signatures of hadronic PeVatrons with application to Galactic Supernova Remnants","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astroparticle Physics","topic":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Argonne National Laboratory; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron; Canadian Space Agency; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy; Regione Lombardia; State Committee of Science; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Universitetet i Oslo; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Fundação Araucária; U.S. Department of Energy; Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; University of Sydney; Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca; Ministère de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche; Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku; Iowa State University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Western Sydney University; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; European Commission; Leverhulme Trust; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; National Research Foundation; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS; University of New South Wales; Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; University of Oxford; Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo; University of Leicester; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; Durham University; Fondazione Cariplo; Smithsonian Institution; Barnard College; Monash University; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Comunidad de Madrid; Sveučilište u Zagrebu; Georgia Institute of Technology; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Galactic plane; Cosmic ray; Cherenkov Telescope Array; Hadron; Galaxy; Observatory; Astronomy; Supernova; Cherenkov radiation; Monte Carlo method; Active galactic nucleus; Detector; Nuclear physics; Optics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014173,0.0001840024,0.0002707511,0.00002849541,0.00009076,0.00001638628,0.0002180307,0.00001511701,0.00001238242],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005691281,0.0001388143,0.0001048779,0.0009343284,0.0000825012,0.00009520997,0.0001102522,0.0001559843,0.00006311925],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003425625,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001049173,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003700847,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002832546,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987099,0.00005368577,0.000232401,0.0002914069,0.0003067524,0.000405821],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990135,0.00005669732,0.0001435753,0.0005515641,0.0001191956,0.0001154236],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007544991,0.0002264992,0.05459902,0.00001484637,0.00007889748,3.365867e-7,0.0005327761,0.01870672,0.9040002,0.01054688,0.0001430408,0.01107529],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004804277,0.0002743666,0.2067943,0.00006211375,0.00007181465,3.492744e-7,0.0006721729,0.002254742,0.7839198,0.005157462,0.00006190876,0.0002505824],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9235081,0.00000209469,0.07533547,0.0002559485,0.00003536269,0.0004388256,0.00006175216,0.00002651222,0.0003359511],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987389,1.516167e-7,0.0009004991,0.00003022237,0.0001927048,0.00005026012,0.0000093036,0.0000308323,0.00004705436],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1521952,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5660685,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0085451459706925,"score_gpt":0.228967378175156,"score_spread":0.2204222322044635,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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