{"id":"W4360955442","doi":"10.1016/j.chest.2023.03.026","title":"Effect of Race and Ethnicity on Pulmonary Function Testing Interpretation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"CHEST Journal","topic":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; McMaster University; BC Children's Hospital; Dalhousie University; William Osler Health System; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","keywords":"Medicine; Race (biology); Pulmonary function testing; Interpretation (philosophy); Ethnic group; Intensive care medicine; Internal medicine; Gender studies; Linguistics; Anthropology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009260243,0.0001102288,0.000225809,0.0002309855,0.0001050389,0.00001788126,0.00005232748,0.00005962703,0.00006014061],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001202421,0.00008707946,0.00007115575,0.000403229,0.0001006917,0.000114053,0.00004977413,0.0004859881,0.00003790151],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001532818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009713317,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006470581,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.490032e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988748,0.0001709208,0.0002130429,0.000169731,0.000364339,0.0002071122],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988065,0.0006321458,0.0001110792,0.0001257589,0.000139768,0.0001846888],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003613619,0.0001178197,0.2003824,0.002101609,0.0001059274,0.0005218957,0.0002492824,0.0001638957,0.07161282,0.00001632201,0.000469671,0.7206447],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001028207,0.001252103,0.9713751,0.000568334,0.0001029793,0.0005469576,0.0001266331,0.01955748,0.005010816,0.0001895613,0.0001659156,0.00007589351],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962501,0.0004302666,0.00015221,0.0003354357,0.0001701991,0.0002185193,0.000003279901,0.00004295808,0.002397047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999182,0.00007759799,0.00006771569,0.0000295642,0.0002536418,0.000007104219,0.00000975248,0.00001938691,0.0003532119],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7709927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3550997,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02754339994545129,"score_gpt":0.3270798864619128,"score_spread":0.2995364865164615,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}