{"id":"W4360979412","doi":"10.5539/ies.v16n2p117","title":"The Effect of Motivation for Learning Among High School Students and Undergraduate Students—A Comparative Study","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Education Studies","topic":"Teacher Professional Development and Motivation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Affect (linguistics); Higher education; Academic achievement; Institution; Mathematics education; Social psychology; Sociology; Social science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001855727,0.00009751648,0.0001533756,0.0001403096,0.0009545896,0.0001104704,0.0002729147,0.00002837701,0.000003972748],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003223307,0.0000704081,0.00003000878,0.0002673467,0.0001613778,0.0002406434,0.0001404832,0.00009771386,0.000008864587],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001620398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000987778,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002574166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003265024,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982901,0.0003718028,0.0002685098,0.0001814328,0.0007597975,0.0001284012],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969429,0.00187692,0.0002288207,0.00005614661,0.0008573555,0.00003787682],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005650537,0.00008986527,0.9729708,0.000008549883,0.000323147,5.731945e-8,0.01947971,0.00002171189,0.00001238654,0.001624163,0.002802195,0.002610861],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005670139,0.0001202101,0.9100291,0.00005479905,0.00002418855,2.952553e-8,0.0838196,0.000007697935,0.0000543169,0.002131579,0.003127573,0.00006394308],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941882,0.00008933368,0.00003557495,0.002169723,0.002190734,0.001005571,0.000001612962,0.00005192211,0.0002673399],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9835994,0.0002309589,0.00003546515,0.00001647035,0.0001581954,0.0005502162,0.0000267545,0.000006496516,0.01537603],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06433989,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7342028,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09966973864644679,"score_gpt":0.4974225243958044,"score_spread":0.3977527857493576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}