{"id":"W4360992697","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2023.02.005","title":"Instrumental variable estimation with first-stage heterogeneity","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Econometrics","topic":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Instrumental variable; Estimator; Econometrics; Mathematics; Statistics; Statistic; Variable (mathematics); Test statistic; Estimation; Null hypothesis; Statistical hypothesis testing; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01804725,0.001869571,0.005390496,0.001830128,0.001531127,0.003780765,0.005696533,0.003944663,0.01310377],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06079789,0.002442296,0.003793953,0.003117521,0.00202089,0.003583863,0.003358223,0.005029141,0.002462739],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001141127,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003702256,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01260594,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01582747,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9868486,0.009334093,0.0005811536,0.001358444,0.0008114037,0.001066365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8835257,0.09863786,0.004167227,0.01105849,0.002037826,0.0005729282],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00145329,0.0008086601,0.02186119,0.0007738116,0.004761225,0.001870854,0.0005796867,0.4104129,0.001314024,0.4655161,0.01423298,0.0764153],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006352604,0.0001598264,0.003504804,0.00008928699,0.0004551776,0.0001398319,0.0001311272,0.8138549,0.001292392,0.175547,0.004087606,0.0001026772],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.02428573,0.0008297025,0.9696789,0.000771861,0.0002055776,0.0001502508,0.0009014701,0.0006304139,0.002546069],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7099637,0.001259572,0.2378754,0.0007624847,0.0007966277,0.0008890568,0.004231956,0.0004862165,0.04373495],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01804725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09544414,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2557664001918205,"score_gpt":0.2390788246655747,"score_spread":0.01668757552624581,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}