{"id":"W4361228484","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2023.103842","title":"Failure of partially saturated frozen soils: A micromechanical analysis","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Void ratio; Soil water; Geotechnical engineering; Materials science; Shear strength (soil); Suction; Mechanics; Geology; Thermodynamics; Soil science; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002864384,0.00007326427,0.0001909038,0.0004605175,0.0003954076,0.00002685767,0.0003129041,0.00008469195,0.00007726869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002005029,0.000057186,0.00003705786,0.01310803,0.001064289,0.00009755447,0.00006504347,0.0000864889,0.00002823316],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003876116,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001121926,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003146083,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004501466,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990674,0.000009887627,0.0001626433,0.0002823161,0.000194133,0.0002835715],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999377,0.00007124023,0.00006518178,0.0002389738,0.0001872831,0.00006028677],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001796212,0.0000549994,0.874437,0.00002420178,0.0003683716,0.0000472201,0.0005026807,0.00192951,0.03047552,0.05091391,0.01313343,0.02809519],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004666124,0.0003660701,0.8436564,0.0000263228,0.0003587502,0.00001896121,0.005568169,0.08918537,0.004175422,0.008670297,0.04708309,0.0004246007],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.990662,0.0003382051,0.0002233016,0.008255107,0.00008211134,0.0001078133,0.00002183906,0.0001493501,0.0001602859],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988921,0.0002398696,0.0006481693,0.00006800848,0.000009859452,0.000001903566,0.000008998437,0.00000115465,0.000129971],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08725586,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6297973,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01917070078535072,"score_gpt":0.2280348341809909,"score_spread":0.2088641333956402,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}