{"id":"W4361236061","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad965","title":"Carbon stars as standard candles – III. Un-binned maximum likelihood fitting and comparison with TRGB estimations","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Physics; Cosmic distance ladder; Astrophysics; Galaxy; Luminosity function; Estimator; Luminosity; Large Magellanic Cloud; Stars; Maximum likelihood; Red-giant branch; Carbon star; Local Group; Metallicity; Statistics; Milky Way","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003934181,0.0004917371,0.000515748,0.00276121,0.0003732485,0.001186434,0.001057055,0.0004623895,0.001298896],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01081142,0.0003850701,0.0004847583,0.002503221,0.0003431824,0.001115398,0.0008094555,0.0006289405,0.0006020869],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007830085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004695381,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01230846,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01462151,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986224,0.0005544123,0.00008205571,0.0003219097,0.000338207,0.00008107414],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961312,0.001085131,0.0005595235,0.00122764,0.0008462108,0.0001502746],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008924814,0.0002687627,0.3554999,0.0003072295,0.0008221041,0.0001993347,0.0003571036,0.3542592,0.01664577,0.01027599,0.003719009,0.2567531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006646358,0.00009275825,0.2183129,0.00005674293,0.00006713162,0.000209701,0.0001770293,0.7617567,0.009642895,0.004877109,0.004643872,0.00009675256],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7901384,0.001193568,0.2000892,0.0001718171,0.00006606853,0.00004961223,0.001174794,0.002625818,0.004490764],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8765125,0.0001587589,0.1193383,0.00003814787,0.00001993128,0.00002500887,0.002769143,0.000349806,0.0007882373],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01230846,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02447367,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008120561328622064,"score_gpt":0.2164065934696752,"score_spread":0.2082860321410532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}