{"id":"W4362480104","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4397265","title":"Canada’s Innovation Imperative and Challenges","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Canadian Policy and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Centre for International Governance Innovation; Balsillie School of International Affairs; Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01185551,0.0006611181,0.001336202,0.004175866,0.02312725,0.02716092,0.003881566,0.02206839,0.01881173],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02519917,0.0007808827,0.001428439,0.005717755,0.01396969,0.006621051,0.006373634,0.01544759,0.001417679],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.2118125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.5928879,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9914196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9946397,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9753626,0.001905647,0.0004554452,0.001686318,0.0106679,0.009922109],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9582609,0.006173809,0.0009433121,0.0006840535,0.01602877,0.0179091],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008664457,0.00007180244,0.00322444,0.0002381245,0.00004752564,0.0003578466,0.002573683,0.0007492619,0.0002832031,0.505579,0.4657256,0.02106292],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007129194,0.00003334726,0.009130508,0.0003828259,0.00003354479,0.00008655636,0.005297906,0.0009345962,0.0002214436,0.05635988,0.9272958,0.0001522552],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01129327,0.005399059,0.000516785,0.9164219,0.002158324,0.00003948358,0.0007735686,0.00008534221,0.06331226],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4550075,0.01202245,0.004414478,0.3463476,0.002668425,0.0001798313,0.0008294389,0.0002389028,0.1782913],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7881875,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9141858,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02337912533892894,"score_gpt":0.2764369901746817,"score_spread":0.2530578648357527,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}