{"id":"W4362554544","doi":"10.1111/faam.12363","title":"A history of net debt as a reflection of Canadian federal government fiscal management","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Financial Accountability and Management","topic":"Fiscal Policies and Political Economy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina; University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Government debt; Debt; Economics; External debt; Population; Debt-to-GDP ratio; Fiscal sustainability; Economic policy; Position (finance); Public finance; Government (linguistics); Debt levels and flows; Finance; Financial system; Business; Macroeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004286157,0.0001396404,0.0003539984,0.0003362478,0.00006674085,0.00001648334,0.0001524612,0.00008317289,0.0002945757],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000263667,0.0001662234,0.0001048288,0.0003440169,0.0001318526,0.0001207076,0.0001504785,0.00007737539,0.0001233526],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007578692,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002951207,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09540551,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02624965,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986111,0.00001089486,0.0005886927,0.0003379677,0.00007799653,0.0003733658],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999402,0.00002252447,0.0001635139,0.0002718015,0.0000142173,0.0001259622],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004953779,0.00009185062,0.0081793,0.000577076,0.000054038,0.000004251938,0.0005018524,0.00001778887,0.000002089502,0.9583521,0.02682036,0.005349726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003565343,0.00009734624,0.2817366,0.00002216468,0.00001183335,6.023712e-7,0.0002015585,0.0001588522,0.000008191908,0.04111597,0.676137,0.0001533211],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3761212,0.0003498055,0.00008333133,0.001671439,0.0007851265,0.0006348065,0.0003001234,0.00003387156,0.6200203],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899913,0.0007450487,0.0002166395,0.0009269649,0.00006570286,0.00008478264,0.00001950739,0.00001392935,0.007936103],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9172361,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9915187,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02826744228282796,"score_gpt":0.2186668993312231,"score_spread":0.1903994570483951,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}