{"id":"W4362614226","doi":"10.1017/lsi.2022.105","title":"Islamic Law, Secularism, and the Modern State: Recasting a Scholarly Debate","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Law & Social Inquiry","topic":"Islamic Finance and Banking Studies","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Secularism; Islam; Content (measure theory); Action (physics); State (computer science); Sharia; Law; Political science; Sociology; Philosophy; Computer science; Theology; Mathematics; Physics; Algorithm","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007374982,0.0001788532,0.0002566305,0.00003923454,0.001524076,0.0008366861,0.0002039184,0.00008334862,0.000005759403],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006611048,0.0001351615,0.00008948529,0.0004568224,0.000704439,0.001258443,0.0004109924,0.0002738482,0.0001460493],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001983048,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009690412,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002049991,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009878847,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988213,0.00002802745,0.0002274002,0.0002751496,0.0002444313,0.0004037201],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999523,0.0000744916,0.0001484259,0.0001363931,0.0001158411,0.000001893328],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004504503,0.00001548748,0.000202859,0.00008981967,0.00007246581,0.00002748252,0.007753877,0.00001504011,0.0001320608,0.9753255,0.003831929,0.01248845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001454709,0.000007106387,0.003970171,0.00008048261,0.0001100356,0.000001870384,0.0008735891,0.003542227,0.00001923436,0.9698532,0.01974273,0.0003447088],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9705516,0.0003598501,0.0001275963,0.003601337,0.0007463463,0.0002520425,0.000003016868,0.000361236,0.02399698],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991278,0.0000588485,0.00002125722,0.005962625,0.001843847,0.00003633578,0.00001480098,0.00003530708,0.0007489573],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02324803,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997758,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03517629488293499,"score_gpt":0.257683338373347,"score_spread":0.222507043490412,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}