{"id":"W4362641141","doi":"10.3389/frai.2023.1166014","title":"Impact of ChatGPT on medical chatbots as a disruptive technology","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","topic":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":185,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University; University of Toronto; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; University Health Network","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Disruptive technology; Computer science; Psychology; Medicine; Engineering; Manufacturing engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007268704,0.0002256509,0.0005219649,0.001511119,0.00008599655,0.0000128859,0.0002896241,0.000420881,0.0004625836],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002622315,0.0001975548,0.0001907616,0.003014373,0.0004693871,0.00008621348,0.00006478894,0.0005784883,0.0008342608],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003191544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000715263,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007833363,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009399439,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973131,0.00007163227,0.0009083417,0.000479004,0.0006261721,0.0006016963],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998662,0.0002039777,0.0001632933,0.0004643657,0.0002318194,0.0002745496],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001028681,0.0007361456,0.1053287,0.00007540417,0.00008331202,0.0002152621,0.005433141,0.0004451378,0.0006591752,0.01057659,0.002758078,0.8726603],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001534134,0.01025963,0.04076695,0.002612479,0.0001045721,0.0001747109,0.05516646,0.09004711,0.2961766,0.5020533,0.001279745,0.001205084],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9834446,0.0002065465,0.00691145,0.005534505,0.001791826,0.000631062,0.000009016854,0.0001720675,0.001298928],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981226,0.000561149,0.0005471986,0.0001587038,0.0002576242,0.00007930578,0.00002455393,0.00002997975,0.0002188263],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8714553,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999437,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1084930595854934,"score_gpt":0.4626354433192878,"score_spread":0.3541423837337944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}