{"id":"W4362673659","doi":"10.1038/s43587-023-00391-4","title":"Development and validation of DNA methylation scores in two European cohorts augment 10-year risk prediction of type 2 diabetes","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Aging","topic":"Epigenetics and DNA Methylation","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institute of Genetics; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; Medical Research Council; Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorate; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh; Alzheimer’s Research UK; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; University of Edinburgh; Wellcome Trust; Alzheimer's Society; National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression; UK Research and Innovation; Alan Turing Institute; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung; Helsingin Yliopisto; Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh; Scottish Funding Council; Scottish Government; Alzheimer’s Society; Wellcome","keywords":"Receiver operating characteristic; Type 2 diabetes; Medicine; Framingham Risk Score; DNA methylation; Cohort; Area under the curve; Statistics; Oncology; Internal medicine; Algorithm; Machine learning; Diabetes mellitus; Computer science; Mathematics; Disease; Biology; Genetics; Endocrinology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006183014,0.0000593886,0.0000776841,0.0000983034,0.00002432397,0.000005685733,0.00003507733,0.00005730497,0.000002518952],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001005428,0.00005863668,0.00001450058,0.0001681257,0.00001519364,0.00000408188,0.00004512578,0.0000667022,0.000001003165],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000085406,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001784528,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005150568,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001252004,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993919,0.00008134589,0.0001928923,0.0001480704,0.0001082929,0.000077498],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999685,0.00001423906,0.000117763,0.00009191931,0.00007411333,0.00001690439],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001065864,0.00001135905,0.2983112,0.00002766656,0.00001921564,2.156016e-7,0.0001827174,0.0006924947,0.6888616,0.00001283014,0.00002105461,0.01184896],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001925581,0.00003279049,0.310551,0.00003155103,0.000008853315,3.365184e-8,0.00002490322,0.0002358446,0.6881329,0.00006379738,0.0006876931,0.00003794784],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983979,0.0009762348,0.0001112775,0.000009978809,0.00008734672,0.00009350949,0.000006548005,0.000007426483,0.0003097169],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982521,0.0003020857,0.0009933099,0.000003583614,0.00004320015,0.000002207549,0.0003603355,0.000009185193,0.00003401642],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01223984,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2391135,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01018285932814855,"score_gpt":0.2654419044506007,"score_spread":0.2552590451224521,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}