{"id":"W4365445770","doi":"10.1126/science.abq2834","title":"Oldest evidence of abundant C <sub>4</sub> grasses and habitat heterogeneity in eastern Africa","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Grassland; Habitat; Ecology; Mammal; Vegetation (pathology); Ecosystem; Biomass (ecology); Geography; Limiting; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002920108,0.0001575804,0.0001626506,0.001145821,0.0005047837,0.0005318041,0.0001721359,0.0001372568,0.001361524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000599303,0.000148617,0.00007666217,0.001007991,0.0005117535,0.000346762,0.0006241653,0.0001616472,0.0001325971],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002258333,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001885729,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009455761,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03665878,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998991,0.00002186874,0.000007312051,0.00002815821,0.00001273826,0.00003079322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996771,0.0000527054,0.0001504504,0.00002544475,0.00004695913,0.00004751407],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001446786,0.00001073161,0.9547618,0.00005381778,0.00005127195,0.0004175378,0.00774979,0.00008762538,0.01679588,0.0003013021,0.00018576,0.0194398],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001062593,0.00001369303,0.9972234,0.00001471523,0.000006891149,0.000154105,0.00131263,0.00003921648,0.0002597551,0.0000449248,0.0009265387,0.00000308196],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991511,0.0001841406,0.00005860601,0.00001176566,7.127077e-7,0.000001247589,0.00006622526,0.000001224432,0.0005248949],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994917,0.0001732638,0.0001234064,0.00000799271,0.000001635545,0.00000113644,0.00007649157,0.000001763389,0.0001224308],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009455761,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01880145,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06455519883269907,"score_gpt":0.3375699849033972,"score_spread":0.2730147860706982,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}