{"id":"W4365447344","doi":"10.1080/07352166.2023.2187302","title":"Local government amalgamations and pre-merger overspending: Central naivety meets local opportunism","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Urban Affairs","topic":"Housing, Finance, and Neoliberalism","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Institute on Governance","funders":"Norges Forskningsråd; Universitetet i Oslo","keywords":"Opportunism; Local government; Economic geography; Business; Political science; Sociology; Economics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004974969,0.0001780585,0.0004480419,0.0001925495,0.0001320174,0.00007367649,0.0001959257,0.0001159202,0.0002591747],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002479295,0.0001856915,0.0001989097,0.0002594251,0.0001514326,0.0004083382,0.000075219,0.0002568288,0.00008819882],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003298795,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005010639,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004304435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000133929,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983311,0.00001957325,0.0008237924,0.000237902,0.000166441,0.0004211461],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987372,0.00005106472,0.0007290053,0.0001822752,0.00003547996,0.0002649384],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003287508,0.0005750943,0.0507874,0.0001687746,0.0007096016,0.0008781231,0.01471614,0.004454565,0.0004167513,0.5772846,0.3386189,0.0110613],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002155891,0.0003771247,0.1561712,0.0001282493,0.00004993622,0.0001800623,0.003330773,0.01233723,0.0002808052,0.002157977,0.8222575,0.0005731993],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9000067,0.003161794,0.0229581,0.004375001,0.003089687,0.000308456,0.0002848007,0.00008719226,0.06572828],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952062,0.001365248,0.0003317396,0.0001173129,0.0002399334,0.000002562746,0.000004927058,0.00003010195,0.002702018],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5751266,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7572278,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02589408797349385,"score_gpt":0.2206173475584795,"score_spread":0.1947232595849856,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}