{"id":"W4365451400","doi":"10.1089/elj.2022.0062","title":"Contagious Elections: The Influence of COVID-19 on Comfort in Voting in Canadian Provincial Elections","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Election Law Journal Rules Politics and Policy","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Western University; Engineers Without Borders Canada; Canada Health Infoway; Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"Newcastle University; University of East Anglia","keywords":"Voting; Ballot; Disapproval voting; Political science; Ranked voting system; First-past-the-post voting; Crowds; Cardinal voting systems; Group voting ticket; Straight-ticket voting; Voting behavior; Bullet voting; Pandemic; Turnout; Instant-runoff voting; Politics; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Psychology; Law; Computer security; Computer science; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00245514,0.0001843033,0.0004148228,0.0009970384,0.005557591,0.002735174,0.0009050398,0.0006246679,0.005854943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0168921,0.0001786376,0.000495334,0.001853228,0.001969017,0.0004940912,0.001522237,0.001464347,0.0003992483],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02734122,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02243328,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9826047,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9922995,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962161,0.00071641,0.0001211946,0.0002963339,0.0008242801,0.001825553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9887749,0.002665109,0.002151186,0.000602452,0.003062319,0.002744137],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003977636,0.0001368942,0.9625357,0.00002535478,0.00005771972,0.0001319711,0.0158521,0.0004932822,0.0002827453,0.002061186,0.003320467,0.01470485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007547888,0.00002377472,0.9866735,0.00001590006,0.00001274487,0.00001240772,0.009917175,0.0004688352,0.00005128644,0.0001588978,0.002640086,0.00001784389],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9847925,0.0001269577,0.0001098435,0.0010414,0.00002174098,0.0000328134,0.0004353409,0.000007251268,0.01343219],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987618,0.00003403382,0.00002807912,0.00004902693,0.000003643732,0.000004101417,0.00009429293,0.000003247578,0.001021815],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02734122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1983754,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03277452037025292,"score_gpt":0.378106221126206,"score_spread":0.345331700755953,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}