{"id":"W4365511559","doi":"10.54254/2753-7048/3/2022359","title":"English Language Learning Students’ Second Language Acquisition: Cognitive Factors and Supporting Strategies","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media","topic":"Subtitles and Audiovisual Media","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Second-language acquisition; Language acquisition; Comprehension approach; Computer science; Cognition; Second-language attrition; Language assessment; Process (computing); Language transfer; Cognitive load; Language education; Psychology; Mathematics education; Linguistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002827493,0.000136575,0.0001619614,0.0002549573,0.0001612832,0.0002411704,0.00008226508,0.0001043334,0.004119508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007701232,0.0001141227,0.0000219791,0.0001283239,0.0001990127,0.0002394623,0.000033254,0.0003154049,0.00002322001],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008216039,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006147743,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005005757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001184626,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990805,0.0001091968,0.0001819524,0.0002598164,0.0001136028,0.0002549648],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989803,0.00070232,0.00008734683,0.00007675635,0.00006781466,0.00008540953],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001300799,0.00009944099,0.1828673,0.00005340685,0.0000348806,0.00001048752,0.7472575,4.796823e-7,0.0001471087,0.002836755,0.0005943572,0.06608533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007244152,0.0001121118,0.3406341,0.00007713156,0.00002464729,0.000009115643,0.6434203,0.000007749733,0.0001151348,0.003345557,0.01121875,0.0003109437],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9906502,0.001528753,0.00002424029,0.0005429966,0.001720328,0.0001217199,0.00001874992,0.00009703894,0.005295968],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997335,0.0001160043,0.0000123402,0.0008678872,0.001063943,0.00002902074,0.0003769857,0.00001468376,0.0001841528],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1577668,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9967909,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02607571560264315,"score_gpt":0.348766101003445,"score_spread":0.3226903854008018,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}