{"id":"W4365935218","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-18780-3_5","title":"Business Models","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Synthesis lectures on professionalism and career advancement for scientists and engineers","topic":"Digital Innovation in Industries","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Business model; Business plan; Product (mathematics); Business; Plan (archaeology); Marketing; Product-service system; Process management; Industrial organization","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002927997,0.0004411904,0.0003698621,0.0005790005,0.0003805821,0.0004367385,0.000215182,0.0002282702,0.00009283007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000166108,0.0003620573,0.0000770328,0.000204954,0.0001802133,0.0007194035,0.0001958498,0.0001856649,0.00002119172],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003888531,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004052805,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009287148,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008103872,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998128,0.000002177864,0.0003435936,0.0006162935,0.0005594465,0.0003505172],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99892,0.0001928464,0.0002180014,0.0002449843,0.0003970721,0.0000271246],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004506741,0.00001421393,0.000004152533,0.0005884404,0.00006822678,0.000004898778,0.00002377683,0.0009612691,0.00001217868,0.9372261,0.03145257,0.02959909],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003758949,0.00001399414,0.00009029917,0.00114229,0.0001117948,0.000001783496,0.00007283143,0.0009899738,0.00003368559,0.2063854,0.790113,0.000668987],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.002320954,0.00585957,0.02018699,0.02065722,0.02382256,0.006514878,0.002436558,0.001773914,0.9164274],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.07752101,0.0004924265,0.0005284226,0.004234498,0.001677158,0.0008030699,0.001236453,0.0003783417,0.9131286],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7586604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998831,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06992859263037807,"score_gpt":0.2510122832657536,"score_spread":0.1810836906353755,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}