{"id":"W4366390061","doi":"10.1177/08997640231163782","title":"COVID-19 Pandemic, Physical Distancing Policies, and the Non-Profit Sector Volunteer Force","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly","topic":"Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pandemic; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Distancing; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Social distance; Volunteer; Business; Virology; Medicine; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00177124,0.0004826381,0.0006586087,0.0002295457,0.002008263,0.0003746182,0.0005052524,0.0002397248,0.000199549],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002466844,0.0003722991,0.0002203613,0.0009311474,0.001327867,0.0005789616,0.0001187826,0.0005754879,0.00008230991],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000330626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004051358,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05107234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02641685,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964055,0.0003893784,0.0004629166,0.0008099356,0.000729878,0.001202323],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973513,0.001044201,0.0001765048,0.0004715197,0.0001020416,0.0008544603],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005659313,0.00003585325,0.7273887,0.0003435431,0.0001901107,0.00004206639,0.2403355,0.000006308982,0.003619431,0.01640127,0.005639794,0.005431446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01573954,0.001615425,0.6696847,0.0003080832,0.0005850983,0.000121495,0.1527908,0.02084394,0.0002110832,0.0329301,0.1013963,0.003773401],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9918283,0.0004755911,0.0004975293,0.002556133,0.0008277514,0.001172522,0.0001007422,0.0006053241,0.001936102],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911716,0.0001503703,0.00005119081,0.001337784,0.00207085,0.000171486,0.00004618731,0.00007355121,0.004926986],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09575655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998729,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03721718360848725,"score_gpt":0.320816550943022,"score_spread":0.2835993673345348,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}