{"id":"W4366828454","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/acc974","title":"Applied Machine-Learning Models to Identify Spectral Sub-Types of M Dwarfs from Photometric Surveys","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Planetary Science Division; Science Mission Directorate; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Thailand Science Research and Innovation; Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem; National Central University; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Queen's University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Queen's University Belfast; Universität Basel; National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand; Space Telescope Science Institute; New Mexico State University; University of California, Los Angeles; University of Portsmouth; Fermilab; National Science Foundation; Case Western Reserve University; University of Pittsburgh; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Princeton University; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; University of Washington; European Space Agency; Johns Hopkins University; Ohio State University; Durham University; Drexel University; U.S. Naval Observatory; Smithsonian Institution; U.S. Department of Energy; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Stellar classification; Sky; Physics; Photometry (optics); Random forest; Stars; Astrophysics; Brown dwarf; Virtual observatory; Exoplanet; Multilayer perceptron; Artificial intelligence; Astronomy; Computer science; Artificial neural network","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002162152,0.001006302,0.0005124845,0.001358671,0.0003211137,0.0006379706,0.0007601268,0.0007609592,0.0007280931],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004252882,0.0002768655,0.0008749794,0.0006400711,0.0002414323,0.0007065769,0.0004695258,0.0008795349,0.0004829583],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001013965,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005966952,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01819625,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01428038,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995446,0.0001678931,0.00002914088,0.0001307172,0.00005559907,0.00007193724],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972588,0.001800692,0.0002284882,0.000173711,0.0004189474,0.0001193986],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001351856,0.0002077219,0.05134812,0.00003701438,0.0001097008,0.00004781682,0.00004143564,0.9093376,0.001091433,0.0002291273,0.001030559,0.03638433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002223042,0.00001591054,0.003302254,0.00000391812,0.000006093479,0.000004816938,0.00001017546,0.9961089,0.0002652518,0.0002188047,0.0000584337,0.00000317292],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9499673,0.0005249853,0.046196,0.0003493434,0.00006135408,0.00004242369,0.0008966159,0.0007821288,0.001179911],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9872348,0.00006234895,0.01103055,0.00004786833,0.00002100249,0.00002275289,0.001091659,0.00001782257,0.0004713032],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01819625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03618068,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03002987065489507,"score_gpt":0.2440734074024718,"score_spread":0.2140435367475768,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}